Lightweight updates take a fundamentally different approach. Instead of rewriting entire data parts, a lightweight update creates a small, compact "patch part" containing only the changed column values and metadata to locate the affected rows. These patches are applied on-the-fly during reads (so changes are visible immediately) and materialized efficiently during regular background merges — piggybacking on work ClickHouse is already doing. This can be up to 1,000× faster than classic mutations for many workloads. The same mechanism can be used for deletes, which set a _row_exists = 0 mask via a patch part rather than rewriting columns. For a deep dive into how patch parts work, see our series on fast UPDATEs in ClickHouse: Part 1 — purpose-built engines and Part 2 — SQL-style updates.
Hey Gergely 👋 to be clear this is less about shipping velocity, and more about rapid user growth straining our services. We’re working through these issues the same way we’ve always done. This is what hypergrowth looks like (I’m sure you saw it at Uber too)! 10x y/y growth ain’t…
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